Intrathecal drug delivery (IDD) has evolved over the past 40 years to treat intractable pain and spasticity not successfully managed with other treatments. The lack of substantial evidence initially suggested the need for expert review and guidance that led to a series of consensus guidance from a panel of specialists in conjunction with the International Neuromodulation Society (INS). The most recent guidelines were published in 2017.
As new guidelines are planned for 2021, the INS surveyed its members to describe current practice trends and contrast the outcomes to the previous recommendations of the PACC publication.
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